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New York Times, April 6, 1945 Soviets void 1941 Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact The American Aerial Bombardment of the Japanese Home Islands and
Okinawa
Leucippus of Abdera/Miletus (early 400s BC) Democritus
of Abdera in Thrace
(460 - 370 BC) The Atomists Bertrand
Russell's History of Western Philosophy (1949) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eiG-dww5pU Or
in 3 clips: 1.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pDkH9vHgDzA 2.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgTK2z7DyvY&feature=relmfu 3.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYxpuxSi4qE&feature=relmfu
late 15th century:
from Old French atome, via Latin from Greek atomos 'indivisible', based on a- 'not' + temnein
'to cut' Democritus, Aristotle, John Dalton, Amadeo Avocadro, Henri Becquerel, Pierre and Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, Ernest Rutherford . . . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRzl1wHc43I&feature=related Models of the atom over the past 200 years - by Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr and today Since the 1950s, more elements have been discovered and more has been learned about sub-atomic
particles and the orbits of electrons. Quarks:
Inside
the Atom A video about sub-atomic particles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMgi2j9Ks9k ----------- Periodic Table of Elements "The Elements" song Animated A
song by Tom Lehrer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGM-wSKFBpo An
education video (25:44) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6WfnhwyyCw Chemical
Elements Discussion on the
weekly BBC radio programme In Our Time hosted by Melvyn Bragg With guests - Paul Strathern, lecturer in philosophy
and science, author of Mendeleyev's Dream: The Quest for the Elements; - Dr Mary Archer, Professor of Chemistry; and
-
John Murrell, Professor of Chemistry 25 May 2000 http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00546sz ------------- Ernest Rutherford (1871 - 1937), Father
of Nuclear Physics Rutherford and the Birth of Nuclear Physics Lecture by David Jenkins at the Royal Society, London (2009) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=doUgAQJbifo 3-hour documentary on Ernest Rutherford Advertisement https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3-c0o2Wp2o Pioneer in Atomic Physics Lord Rutherford, at age 64, in 1935 (7 min.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cp6uovmSgKQ Rutherford Discussion on the weekly BBC radio programme In Our Time with
Melvyn Bragg and his guests 19 February 2004 http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p004y23q Nuclear Physics Discussion on the weekly BBC radio programme In Our Time with
Melvyn Bragg and his guests 2002 http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0054887 The Neutron Discussion with Melvyn Bragg and his guests on the weekly BBC radio programme
In Our Time 14 April 2016 http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b076mnkr Albert Einstein (1879
- 1955), German scientist in 1921 photo Einstein's Big Idea:
E=MC² 2005 BBC documentary
recounts: Energy (E) - discovery of electromagnetic fields by Michael Faraday (1791 – 1867) Mass
(M) - discovery of Antoine Lavoisier (1743 - 1794) that mass is never lost Celeritas/Speed
of Light (C) - confirmation of Emilie du Chatelet (1706 - 1749) of Leibnitz's
calculation that the energy of a moving object is
proportional to the square of its velocity.
E
= mc² - Albert Einstein's equation in 1905: Energy (E) equals (=) mass (m) times (x) the square
of the speed of light, or the speed of light times ittself (c²) Nuclear
fission - discovery
of Lise Meitner (1878 – 1968) that
splitting an uranium atom releases a large amount of energy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgpD4XZP0uM or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xefcJ3XX0ks or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j65dD3Dzaq0 or, in two clips: 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqiRoKy0Gyo 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbmFcGhTnS0 or 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8Zz5lHg6sw 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsGqXhJkhbE E=MC² clip here Energy (motion) = (equals) Mass (matter, weight) x (times, or multiplied by) the
square of the Speed of Light, or the Speed of Light x (multiplied by) itself Can be read backwards: MC² = E --------------------------- Neils Bohr Niels Bohr (1885 - 1962) Neils Bohr Lecture by J. Robert Oppenheimer at UCLA, May 14, 1964 Audio only (1:15:39) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qwEheAf3k60 Das Atom John Dalton und Neils Bohr Meilensteine der Naturwissenschaft und Technic In German: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_95ldaa2ao oder https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kXGKHNvKLRo In English: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4g6htFm6I4 Niels Bohr, Harry Moseley and the origins of the Quantum Atom Commemorating the centenary of the quantum atom History of Physics Group, Institute of Physics, Manchester, October 2013 Lecture # 1. The lives of physicists Niels Bohr and Henry Moseley in Manchester in
1912 Lecture # 2. At home and away: the private sources of Bohr's scientific creativity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqRuR9AgW5o Lecture # 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYIhx5YFNg0
The Atom Bomb The Germans and the A-Bomb In January 1933, German President Paul von Hinderberg
appointed Adolf Hitler, leader of the Nazi Party, chancellor of the government. The Nazis were notorious for anti-semitism and many Jews, including scientist Albert Einstein, quit Germany. Winston
Churchill and Albert Einstein at Churchill's home in Chartwell, England in 1939. This was Einstein's
second visit to Chartwell. During his first visit, in the spring of 1933,
Einstein urged Churchill to hire Jewish scientists who faced discrimination in Germany. After their first meeting, Churchill sent a British scientist, Frederick Lindemann, to Germany to hire
Jewish physicists to work in England. Numerous theoretical physicists, mostly from Gottingen, were brought to England. In the early years of Nazi rule in Germany. hundreds of scientists, many of them Jewish, left for England
and the U. S. It is often claimed that the loss of these scientists cost Germany the lead in building an atom bomb. Einstein was visiting the
U. S. when the Nazis came to power in January 1933. Einstein did not retturn to Germany. He lived in Le Coq (De Haan), a coastal
resort in Belgium, and England, near London, before settling permanently in Princeton, New Jersey in the United States
in October 1933. --------------
Splitting the atom A
is for Atom 1952 General Electric
Co. animated
film describing nuclear energy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7k-RknDBug Definition of nuclear fission Otto Hahn (1879 - 1968) Physiker
Otto Hahn Hahn recalls splitting
the uranium atom https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=GERICpr7c0E Episode from
Great Moments in Science and Technology https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiGxmXOiW2Q Otto
Hahn, right, and Fritz Strassmann
In Berlin in 1938, German
scientists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann bombarded an uranium atom with a neutron and split the atom's nuclei in two, releasing
energy and more neutrons that collided with and
split neighboring atoms, creating chain
reactions.
A controlled chain reaction could create heat to produce electricity.
An uncontrolled chain reaction could produce a bomb.
Atom Bomb Physics Excerpt from an educational documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXwCRVtidZ4 Lise
Meitner Lise Meitner (1878 - 1968) Meitner and Frisch on splitting the atom Meitner Brief biography https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-srTUFyqEs Lise
Meitner Die Mutter
der Atombombe
Reportage https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpanlOMA8Zk or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lcd7W_2keJc or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9F6jPsE-s4k the same in French: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1QGJOtjOHfQ The Path to Nuclear Fission ------------ How the Americans built the Atom Bomb Léo Szilárd (1898 - 1964), Hungarian scientist Einstein Szilard lettre à Roosevelt et https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBbmS6wZo1E On July 12, 1939, Hungarian sceintists Leo Szilard and Eugene Wigner visited Albert Einstein at his summer
home on Long Island, New York. They
discussed the splitting of the atom by German scientists in the previous year, how a chain reaction could cause an explosion, and
the possibility that the Germans could build an atomic bomb. At a second meeting, also at Einstein's summer home, on 2 August 1939, Szilard came with
another Hungarian scientist, Edward Teller. Over the course of several weeks, Szilard and Einstein drafted two letters alerting
American president Franklin Roosevelt to
German advances in atomic science and urging him to start an American atomic program. The two letters, signed by Einstein, were completed in early August
but their delivery to Roosevelt, through a third party, a friend of Roosevelt,
was delayed for two months, till October 1939 - one
month after war broke out in Europe. Edward Teller recalls Szilard and Einstein's letter https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6xifVv2EHA 2005 BBC Horizon
documentary or --------- Germans
invade Poland New York Times, September 1, 1939 ---------- Soviets invade Poland The Racine Journal-Times, (Wisconsin), September 17, 1939 Roosevelt accepted Einstein's recommendation and set up a committee to consider the matter. Scientists Rudolf Peierls, left, of Germany and Otto Frisch, right,
of Austria chose to stay in England when the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933. Frisch
was a nephew of Lise Meitner. At the University of Birmingham in 1940, Peierls and Frisch determined that
a metallic sphere of just one to ten kilograms (instead of tons) of pure Uranium-235, the only natural fissile isotope, at critical mass could
explode with the force of thousands of tons of dynamite. Peierls and
Frsich also designed a detonator for an atomic bomb. ------- New York Enquirer, September 30, 1940 The Soviets and Japanese signed a neutrality treaty
in Moscow on 13 April 1941. New York Times, April 14, 1941 ----------- Germans invade USSR in June 1941. The
Sun, Sydney, Australia, June 25, 1941 ------------ Japanese attack U. S. in December 1941. The Denver Post, December 7, 1941 Germany and Italy declare war on U. S. in December 1941. The High Point Enterprise (Carolina), December 1941 In late 1942 the army began work. Einstein & Atomic Bomb Development
Short description https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sc2XnvSN2HY The Manhattan Project
U.
S. Army Major-General Leslie Richard Groves (1896
– 1970), builder of the Pentagon and director of
the Manhattan Project (1942 - 1945). The Manhattan Project developed from the committee created by Roosevelt
to study the possibility of producing an atom bomb in 1939. The committee went through several stages. In June 1942,
its administrative office was in New York City. Thus, its name, the Manhattan
Project. Groves
was with the Construction Division of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. In August 1941, Groves was put in charge of building the Pentagon, a new
office building for the War Department, in Arlington, Virginia. In September 1942, Groves was appointed director of the Manhattan Project and moved its
headquarters to Washington, D. C. Groves was responsible for the selection and construction of the Project's various sites.
Gen.
Leslie Groves Biography 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_U9icW3K7M&feature=relmfu 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoxwLkWrN40&feature=relmfu The Los Alamos Laboratory Groves
selected J. Robert Oppenheimer, a physics professor at the University of California campus in Berkeley, to direct a laboratory
to produce the atom bomb, in July 1942.
J.
Robert Oppenheimer (1904 - 1967), physicist, director of the Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico.
General Groves and J. Robert Oppenheimer In November 1942, Groves and Oppenheimer decided
the site of the Los Alamos Ranch School in southern New Mexico would be secure enough for the secretive production
of an atom bomb. The government bought the school. The University of California operated the laboratory for the War Department. The Race for the Atomic Bomb Episode
from the documentary series Mysteries and Myths (Removed from You Tube) (2 clips) 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZMCic4Zo5Y 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fc2KofBIIsg The Moment in Time: The Manhattan Project
2000 documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwpgmEvlRpM or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A4TL3tGhLOQ The Manhattan Project or in 5 clips: 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SwHds1any9Y&feature=related 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGGAIuc5dWI&feature=relmfu 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHvUgtVOP64&feature=relmfu 4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aAXy5V-zRyc&feature=relmfu 5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJuBHzgLUAw&feature=relmfu Leo Szilard https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7xC8Iop6Lk
Uranium ore from Shinkolobwe. Map of the Belgian Congo in 1940.
Creating
a chain reaction
Enrico Fermi Enrico Fermi (1901 - 1954) The World of Enrico Fermi (1970) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3SKBwzTtv0 Enrico Fermi, front, left; Leo Szilard, front, second from right; with Fermi's team of scientists. From graphite and uranium, Fermi's team created a the first
controlled and self-sustained nuclear chain reaction. The test was conducted on a squash court under the stands
of a discarded football stadium at Amos Alonzo Stagg Field at the University of Chicago. Graphite One of 29 or more piles of graphite blocks assembled to
produce the Chicago Pile 1. Scale model of "Chicago
Pile 1" (first nuclear reactor) - 40,000 blocks of graphite. Half
the blocks contained a small amount of a uranium oxide. A few contained small amounts of a refined uranium metal. Enrico Fermi and
Leo Szilard created the first artificial self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction in
Chicago on 2 December 1942. The test took six to seven hours. Chicago Pile 1
Argonne National Laboratory 2012 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vv_0STVP044 Edward Teller on the Manhattan Project https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03FUd6lLYD0 Los Alamos from Below Uranium clip here Clip here
- Uranium, Plutonium, Fission, Fusion, Implosion, Explosion . . .
Roosevelt's party,
the Democrats, elected Harry Truman, senator from Missouri, as their vice-presidential candidate and Roosevelt's running-mate
for the election. ----------
The Battle of Iwo Jima
Yalta (Crimea) Conference February
4 – 11, 1945 Conference
at Yalta, in the Crimea in the Ukraine, USSR, February 1945. The "Big Three": Churchill, left; FDR, center;
Stalin right. At a conference with the Americans
and British in Yalta in February 1945, the Soviets agreed to attack Japan not later than three months
(or within 90 days) after Germany's surrender. The agreement was to be kept secret. The Soviets and the Japanese had a
neutrality treaty, The Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Treaty, or Non-Aggression Pact, signed in Moscow on April 13, 1941
was a renewable five-year treaty. The treaty removed the threat to the Soviets of an attack in the east in case of war
in Europe. It removed the threat to Japan of an attack from the Soviets in case of war with the U. S. and Britain. By the terms, either party had the option to renounce the treaty after four years. In April 1945 the Soviets informed the Japanese that the Soviets were renouncing the 1941 Soviet-Japanese
Neutrality Pact. Soviets void neutrality pact with Japanese New York Times, April 6, 1945
The Seattle Daily Times, 7 May 1945
The Daily Times, Davenport, Iowa, May 9, 1945 German forces surrendered to Soviet Marshal Zhukov in Berlin on 9
May 1945. Soviet Marshal Gregori Zhukov conducts surrender
ceremony. German Field Marshal
Wilhelm Keitel, representing the German High Command, surrenders unconditionally to the Allies at Soviet headquarters
in Berlin on 8 / 9 May 1945. Soviet Marshal Zhukov accepts the German surrender.
New York Times, 9 May 1945 The Soviets moved forces from
Europe to Siberia to attack the Japanese in Manchuria. --------------- Did the Germans Have the Bomb? Heavy Water Heavy water was required to produce an atomic bomb. There was only one producer of heavy water in Europe in 1939, the Norsk Hydro
electrolysis plant in Rjukan, Vemork in Telemark Province in Norway.
Telemark Province (in red)
Norsk Hydro Plant Heavy Water -
Periodic Table of Videos 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUVzb0fzHsk&feature=watch_response Can
you drink Heavy Water? 2.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fyK6kPi8k78 Sabotaging German Atom Bomb plans Germany invaded
Norway on April 9, 1940. Two months before the
invasion of Norway, the French purchased all of the heavy water produced by the Norsk Hydro plant. When the Germans invaded
France in May 1940, the French hid the heavy water in Clermont-Ferrand in the unoccupied zone, and then took it to England.
The Germans took over
the Norsk Hydro plant and began producing heavy water. Norwegians helped the
British plan commando raids on the plant from England. But the raids failed to destroy the plant. In October 1942, a group
of Norwegian spies trained in England parachuted into Norway on a reconnaissance mission. Four months later, in February
1943, a group of British-trained Norwegian saboteurs parachuted into Norway. Together, the two groups destroyed the heavy-water
section of the Norsk Hydro plant later that month. But the Germans started
work again. SF Hydro on Lake Tinnsjø, sunk in 1944, in 1926 photo Thus, it
was believed that the Germans were denied the means to produce an atom bomb during the war. The
Rjukan Sabotage A short video montage by a Norwegian blogger that explains the matter in a nutshell https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfIlYQpFswE&feature=related Kampen om tungtvannet 1948 French-Norwegian movie in English, French, German and Norwegian recounts the story in detail https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qfn2OyUbBD8 The Heroes of Telemark Hollywood
movie (1965) Advertisement: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7kkgIe1TI5k Movie:
Norwegian Resistance 1966
documentary (3
clips) 1.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3jSWSa6aBM&feature=related 2.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5IaMru-fh8&feature=relmfu 3.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5atl_0YLnbE&feature=relmfu The Saboteurs of Telemark BBC
documentary (1973) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwbiRrVAJzw&feature=related The Real Heroes of Telemark Documentary
(2003) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBEKhpGQTYc&feature=related The Real Heroes of Telemark Documentary
by the survivalist, Ray Mears, 2003, 16 clips Clip # 1 of 16: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUfiMoY30ac continued
. . . . German documentary The Norsk Hydro
plant, commandos and saboteurs (2 clips) 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asRmBBUICJo 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PC2Jlk3I0T4 Hitler's
Bomb BBC
Horizon documentary (1992) Germany abandoned its efforts to build an
atomic bomb after British-trained Norweigian commandoes sabotaged the Norsk Hydro heavy water production plant in
1943 and the Norwegian resistance sank the SF Hydro, the ferry conveying heavy water bound for Germany, in a fyord in 1944. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9Femz7kTt4 or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8jq06VIOsHo
Heisenberg Werner Heisenberg (1901 - 1976) Werner Heisenberg Biography https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uc6Se8UXWq8 Bohr and Heisenberg Comments of Edward Teller https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClhLnZtgcsE The Copenhagen Fall-Out Documentary
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nEjmOqEXngA Neils Bohr & Werner Heisenberg
By the early 1940s, the Germans seemed to be ahead of others in their efforts to produce an atomic bomb. Hitler's Atomic Bomb There might have been
as many as four German nuclear tests, at
two separate sites, i n
1944 and 1945 This 2002 documentary recounts how Germany was the first to build and test an atomic bomb - without
the involvement of its leading scientists, Werner Heisenberg and Otto Hahn.
The Search for Hitler's Bomb Episdoe from the documentary series Secrets of the Third Reich (2015) (52:18) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vih9eVVCMMM The Nazi Bomb Episode
from the documentary series In Search of History (43:57) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBZpqeqnHd (or
49 min.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBZpqeqnHd0 (or
43:57) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBZpqeqnHd0 Hitler's Bomb Documentary (50:47) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eV-ElwRwdlM Documentary
(59:00) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eV-ElwRwdlM The German A-Bomb Project in WW2 Interview with Joseph
P. Farrell: German scientists were more knowledgeable and the A-bomb project was more advanced than the
Allies claimed after the war. An atomb bomb
could be produced with just a small number of scientists and equipment. (17:00) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sr8QinV7ve4
Ten of Germany's leading nuclear scientists were held in
Farm Hall in England after the war. Top row,
left to right: Werner Heisenberg, Otto Hahn, M. Von Laue, C. F. von Weizsäcker and P. Harteck; Bottom row, from left: W. Gerlach, K. Wirtz; K. Diebner, E. Bagge and H.
Korsching. All were released and returned
to Germany in early 1946.
or
SS General Hans Kammler SS Gen. Hans Kammler supervised the building of V-series rockets, the German atom bomb project and construction
of other advanced weapons.
In
the last days of the war in May 1945, Kammler flew to the Alps and disappeared shortly afterwards. It was
claimed that Kammler arranged the hand-over of German scientists to the Americans. It
has long been suggested that Kammler received protection from the Americans, or he was captured by the Soviets, or killed
in fighting in Czechoslovakia, or committed suicide. Kammler was last seen by the V-2 rocket scientist
Wernher von Braun in Oberammergau
in Garmisch-Partenkirchen in southern Bavaria, Germany. Von Braun thought Kammler
may have sought protection from the Church. Der Fall Hans Kammler Excerpt
from German documentary (06:37) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6eurL4anq2U or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tUpZt0nD-18 Hitlers Geheimwaffenchef Auf den Spuren von
Hans Kammler ZDF
History (30 min.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8Fv9ctnGKo Hans Kammler Secret Weapons
Mark Felton https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kc1bay7I3L0 See below for the link to Hitler's
Nuclear Arsenal from the documentary series Dead Men's Secret --------------
THE LAST NAZI SECRET
Trinity Test Site Three
atom bombs were produced at Los Alamos in July 1945. One was an uranium bomb. Two were plutonium bombs. One uranium bomb and
one plutonium bomb were to be dropped on Japan if the Japanese did not surrender. Scientists at Los Alamos were certain the uranium bomb would work and it was shipped, in
parts, to the B-29 bomber base on the island of Tinian in the Marianas Islands in the western Pacific, and assembled there.
The
scientists were less certain that the plutonium bomb would work. Thus, a plutonium bomb was tested in New Mexico.
It was decided, however, that the metal bomb cylinder was impractical and discarded. Instead, 100 tons of TNT were stacked in a pile on
a 20-foot high platform 800 yards away from Trinity Test Site and detonated at 4:37 a. m. on May 7. 100-ft. tower The bomb, assembled, atop 100-foot tower. July 16, 1945 5:29
a. m. (Mountain War Time) 18 kilotons
of TNT First detonation
of an atomic bomb, Trintiy Test Site, Alamogordo, New Mexico, on July 16, 1945 . A plutonium bomb, tested first at Alamogordo, was
dropped several weeks later on Nagasaki, Japan . J. Robert Oppenheimer, Gen. Leslie R. Groves and others at Ground Zero
after the Trinity Test J. Robert Oppenheimer and General Leslie R. Groves at Ground Zero
after the
Trintity Test Atomic Age - Trinity Explosion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0w6LsP3UBeM Trinity The 1st US Nuclear Bomb Test 1945 (Long Version) (silent) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wGAER-XhjGk or (the same with piano accompaniment) First Atom Bomb Trinity Shot 1945 DOE First Nuclear Test Manhattan Project https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nsmt-yec_4&feature=related Project
Tower US
Air Force movie about filming the test https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A1IvMTy_slc Edward Teller on the Trinity Nuclear Bomb Test https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zV2W5yepiA0&feature=related Excerpt from the 1995 Hollywood movie Trinity and Beyond https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XH907H1wadE Interview with Edward Teller Takes for Trinity and Beyond (1995) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXDHzn7VdWg Oppenheimer speaks after Trinity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nM25dkJ8SI8 Scientist
J. Robert Oppenheimer speaks about atomic bombs at the Capitol Building in Washington, DC (1945) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htJS5GKdaXs Oppenheimer 7-part
1980 biographical drama about the American physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer ("Father of the Atom Bomb") Sam
Waterston portrays Oppenheimer The first five of the seven episodes of the series cover the period from mid-1939, before
the war in Europe, when Oppenheimer was a physics professor at UC-Berkeley, to the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaski
in mid-1945. Also portrayed
are General Leslie Groves, Edward Teller, George Kistiakowsky and others. 1.
1939 2.
1942 3.
1943 4.
1944 - 1945 5.
1945 (Trinity) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6r4QlQoCn4 Vera Kistiakowsky https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jChlhmYpPag The Making of the Atom Bomb Advertisement for the book by Richard Rhodes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKwb3iPoz0A A reading of the book Clip 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjAMI386sSI Clip 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hry2M1LmjwU Clip 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g95Yat3SgWg
Potsdam Conference July 17 - August 2, 1945 Allied Conference in Potsdam, a suburb of Berlin, in July
1945. The "Big Three": Churchill, left;
Harry Truman (replacing FDR, deceased), center; Stalin. right Potsdam Declaration/Proclamation/Ultimatum 26
July 1945 Truman and Churchill issued a proclamation, an ultimatum to Japan to surrender unconditionally or face destruction. Chiang Kai-shek was in China.
Truman sent a copy to Chiang by the American ambassador to China. Stalin
did not sign the proclamation because the USSR was not yet at war with Japan. The proclamation
was announced over the radio on the evening of 26 July 1945. Ultimatum to Japan United States, China and the
United Kingdom "We, the President of the United States, the President of the National Government of China and the Prime
Minister of Great Britain, representing hundreds of millions of our countrymen . . . "We call
upon the government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all Japanese armed forces, and
to provide proper and adequate assurances of their good faith in such action. The alternative for Japan is
prompt and utter destruction." "Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands
of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku, and such minor islands as we determine." ". . . points in Japanese territory to be designated by the Allies
shall be occupied . . ." "There
must be eliminated for all time the authority and influence of those who have deceived and misled the
people of Japan into embarking on world conquest." "Stern justice shall be meted out to all war criminals, including those who have visited
cruelties upon our prisoners." "The Japanese military forces, after being completely disarmed, shall be permitted to return
to their homes." "Japan shall be permitted to maintain such industries as will sustain her economy and permit
the exaction of just reparations in kind . . ." ". . . access to, as distinguished from control of, raw materials shall be permitted. .
." "Eventual Japanese participation
in world trade relations shall be permitted." "The Japanese Government shall remove all obstacles to the revival and strengthening of
democratic tendencies among the Japanese people. Freedom of speech, of religion, and of thought, as well
as respect for the fundamental human rights shall be established." San Mateo Times (California), July 27,
1945 ----------
The "Big Three" at Potsdam, July 1945: Clement Atlee (replacing Churchill,
defeated in British elections), left; Truman, centre; Stalin, right. USS Indianapolis
Route of the USS Indianapolis The
USS Indianapolis picked up the enriched uranium and atomic bomb parts in San Francisco on July 16 and delivered them to
the US Air Force on Tinian Island on July 29. The ship sailed for Leyte in the Philippines.
On the way, the ship was
sunk by two torpedoes from a Japanese submarine. Of
the 1,200 crewmen, 300 went down with the ship. The rest took to lifeboats or treaded water. They were spotted
four days later. Of the 900 who survived the sinking only 300 lived to see rescue. July 29 to August 4, 1945 Vol. 22 of the 2005 documentary series The Last Days of World
War Two
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZ4_34_DN-s Missing
The USS Indianapolis Episode from the 1997 - 1998 documentary series Sea Tales (45:56) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GxZv5KB2kMs or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3Ujk79c-Go Sharks circle survivors
about
to be rescued. Many sailors were killed by sharks. Chart by the Encyclopedia Britannica with details of the Indianapolis
and her fate. Mission of the Shark The Saga of the
USS Indianapolis 1991 movie about the sinking of the USS Indianapolis and the fate of its crew https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lMdj0SSJfE or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fxWjsoN9FnI Survivor accounts: Edgar Harrell,
USMC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyKReDgBMDU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOAg3wCkOkI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tslQHkZt7dI Lyle Umenhoffer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w81sS97gdPY Wreckage of USS Indianapolis found 2017 Uploaded 20 August 2017 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcXIZcTWiy8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwS-MWJAEEY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpmqrkfqS30 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RewPQ8VDXCY
--------------
Ship of Doom
A map of the western Pacific showing the Marianas and Japan. Tinian Island The U. S. marines captured Tinian Island
from the Japanese in 1944 and destroyed most of the airstrip called Ushi. The navy rebuilt the airstrip and renamed it North Field.
North Field, Tinian Four
parallel east-west 8,000-feet runways Diagram
of North Field Hiroshima and Nagasaki Little
Boy and Fat Man The U. S. dropped two atomic bombs on Japan - the first, an uranium bomb on Hiroshima
on August 6, and the second, a plutonium bomb on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945 At
left, the uranium bomb, called Little Boy, dropped on Hisoshima; at right, the plutonium bomb, called Fat Man,
dropped on Nagasaki. Atomic Bomb Silent
Film Footage Tinian 1945 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBP0IKaPZxI 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PxfxCSaeWmA 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wj6Iq-A5eWk -------------- Hiroshima Hiroshima was to be the military command centre against the
anticipated American invasion. The city had not been bombed before in order to note the destruction of the atomic bomb. Time
of bomb release and detonation: 08:15 a. m. (Japan time), Monday, August 6, 1945 B-29
Superfortress Enola Gay dropped atom bomb on Hiroshima Col. Paul Warfield Tibbets, Jr., commander
of the B-29 Enola Gay
Tibbets
(fourth from left) with ground crew (left photo); flight and ground crews (righ photo) Uranium bomb ("Little Boy"), untested prior to Hiroshima. Paul
Tibbets waves before taking off. The Enola Gay took from Tinian at 02:45 a. m. Bomb
bay doors open at 31,000 feet altitude. Reconnaissance photo of Hiroshima. "AP" in small circle at centre indicates the bombardier's Aiming Point. The wider
circle indicates the area destroyed by the atomic bomb. Atom bomb dropped on Hiroshima - 16 kilotons of TNT
- released at 08:15
a. m. (Japan time) and detonated at 1,900 feet. Photo of the
Enola Gay taken from an observation plane. Photo of the Enola Gay taken from an observation
plane. Mushroom
cloud created by atom bomb over Hiroshima. Flight path of the Enola Gay from Tinian to Hiroshima.
The Enola Gay was
accompanied by four other B-29s -
observation and weather planes. Hiroshima after the atom bomb. Hiroshima after the atom bomb.
Before the bomb. After the bomb. Few buildings in Hiroshima survived the bomb blast. Two cathedrals survived. The Jesuit
Church of Our Lady’s Assumption, in the photos above, remained largely intact. The Jesuit priests were inside the
church for morning prayers and survived. Enola Gay returns to Tinian after atom bombing mission. Note that the tail markings were changed from a circle with an arrow to a circle with the letter R before
the mission. This was to hide from the Japanese the purpose of mission. The circle with the arrow was the insignia of the
plane's unit, which the Japanese may have observed dropping special practice bombs over Japan. The circle with the R was the insignia
of another unit on Tinian. General Carl Spaatz, First Chief of Staff of the USAF and Commander of the
U. S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific, was on Tinian when the Enola Gay returned from its mission over Hiroshima.
Spaatz pinned the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) on Col. Paul Tibbets. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7Pt215DLio&feature=relmfu The crew of the Enola Gay decorated after the mission.
New York
Times, August 7, 1945 San Francisco
Chronicle, August 7, 1945 Enola Gay The men, the mission, the atomic bomb 1980 movie (2:24:33) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXyUPYPwWbg Hiroshima Canadian
and Japanese 1995 movie about
the atomic bombing of Japan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E0J4BYjrq90 (Removed from You Tube) Excerpt: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GX0e-P3lhww Hiroshima
Hiroshima: The First Weapon of Mass Destruction 2005 BBC documentary film (95 minutes) www.youtube.com/watch?v=E0J4BYjrq90 (Removed from You Tube) Excerpt: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GX0e-P3lhww Hiroshima
Hiroshima: The First Weapon of Mass Destruction 2005 BBC documentary film (95 minutes) Excerpts
from the documentary uploaded by BBC Worldwide Entire documentary http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xlk8my_bbc-history-of-world-war-ii-hiroshima_people Part 2. http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xlkq7t_bbc-history-of-world-war-ii-hiroshima_people or see: Part 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqSPS5Qed08 Hiroshima Episode from the British documentary TV series Days that Shook the World (2003) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RbQpabBl008 is the same as
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_zyvPWJBbw Harry Truman on board the USS Augusta 6 August 1945 https://www.c-span.org/video/?294914-1/president-truman-speech-bombing-hiroshima
24 Hours after Hiroshima
"I'd drop the atomic
bomb on Hiroshima again if needed"
Enola Gay's last surving crew member, Theodore ("Dutch") Van Kirk, navigator
RT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDaiQ9n5wEM
Van
Kirk recalls the Bomb
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZnRD3-Sg2I
Van Kirk describes dropping the bomb
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBUR7qFm7WU
Underground
WW2 Bomb Shelters in Japan
Episode
about bomb shelters in Hiroshima from
the 2008 documentary series Cities of the Underworld
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGgn8d58dRc (Removed from You Tube)
Richard Feynman, Physicist
Recalls his role in the Manhattan Project and its aftermath
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6no328q_VGQ&feature=related
Ten Seconds that Shook the World
A David Wolper documentary (1962) (51:00) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iv5JNAuGcJU ----------------
The Last Bomb War
Department documentary about the bombing campaign of Japan from the Mariana Islands (1945) In 4 clips 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5z7z0rfE4xk 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66K1im3tgNw 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5g571TQHDvU&feature=related 4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=osgxcfLCs-Y In 1 upload with added comments AIR
FORCE STORY Hiroshima
and Nagasaki A-Bombs Air
war against Japan, 1944 - 1945 1953 USAF documentary from the official history
of the U. S. Air Force, vol. 1, chapter 24, 1944 - 1945: B-29s arrive on Saipan; Gen. Curtis LeMay arrives to take command and launches B-29 offensive against Japan;
Tokyo bombed day and night; atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki; Japan surrenders https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvQip34469s The Atom
Strikes Atomic Weapons and Bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki US
Army documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpZBSXuJ5yc Hiroshima The British
Atomic Attack Mark Felton Plan to use the Avro Lancaster to drop the atom bomb ---------------------- B-29 Superfortress
Bockscar dropped an atom bomb on Nagasaki Time of bomb release and detonation: 11:02
a. m. (Japan time), Thursday, August 9, 1945
Maj.
Charles Sweeney, commander of Bombing Group and B-29
Bockscar Crew of the
B-29 Bockscar on Tinian
A plutonium
bomb was tested at Alamogordo in New Mexico in July
1945 and another, called Fat Man (above), was dropped on Nagasaki
in August 1945. Tinian, 9 August 1945 Before the mission,
Colonel Paul W. Tibbets (centre), pilot of the Enola Gay, the B-29 that dropped an atomic bomb on
Hiroshima, shakes hands with Major Charles W. Sweeney (left), pilot of Bockscar, the B-29 that
is about to take off to drop an atomic bomb on Kokura. The man on the right is Major Sweeney's navigator, Captain James
Van Pelt. Bockscar en route to Japan, photographed from an
observation plane. The plane took off from Tinian at 03:49 a. m. Two
of the four B-29s flying with Bockscar to Japan as observation planes. Aerial reconnaissance photo of Nagasaki
two days before the bombing mission. Atomic
bomb dropped on Nagasaki - 21 kilotons of TNT. The bomb detonated 1,650 feet above the city.
The cloud
from the atomic bomb explosion over Nagasaki viewed from ground level 15 minutes after detonation. Photo by Hiromidi Matsuda. Flight paths
of the Enola Gay, indicated on the right, and Bockscar, on the left, from their base on Tinian to bomb
targets in Japan. Bockscar
flew to its primary target, Kokura, but the site was obscured by weather. Bockscar turned to its secondary target
Nagasaki. Nagasaki
also was obscured by cloud cover. In a momentary break in the clouds, the city was sighted and the bomb released. The bomb
detonated almost two miles from the target area. On its return to base, Bockscar
made an emergency landing on Okinawa, to refuel, and continued back to its base on Tinian. Bockscar was
accompanied by three other B-29s -
observation and weather planes. Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. The bomb
killed an estimated 40,000 to 80,000 people, half of them immediately. The bomb exploded three miles from the centre
of Nagasaki, above the Urakami Valley. The Spanish Jesuit missionary Saint Francis Xavier introduced Christianity to Japan
in 1549. A Portuguese Jesuit missionary established the port of Nagasaki in 1571. In 1945, Nagasaki was home to a large population
of Christians. Urakami Valley was inhabited
by many Japanese Christians. Photo
of the Urakami Cathedral in Nagasaki, built from 1895 to 1925. Urakami
Cathedral after the bomb. The cathedral was rebuilt by the local Japanese after the war. Nagasaki
atomic bombing Uploaded by BBC Worldwide https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncq_Wye43TM also an earlier upload from another source https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6l5jI4iO4-g Bockscar
after its mission. Post-mission interview with
Major Charles Sweeney, pilot of Bockscar https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDaiQ9n5wEM Major
Charles Sweeny and the crew of Bockscar are decorated upon their return to Tinian after their mission over Japan. A
Tale of Two Cities 1946 U. S. Army and Navy film of Hiroshima and Nagasaki after atomic bombing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPvYw9cm8GY&feature=relmfu
Also: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nye1akYYR2k 1976 documentary from the Air Force History series https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBZerx_VXvY Sea Power in the Pacific 1946 US Navy documentary (2 clips) 1.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SEaUkASJm7Q 2.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhNi3rOhXKU Effects of the Atomic
Bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1945 US Army documentary (30:53) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMzYJPEWH6Y The Race Episode
from the ABC-TV documentary series The Century with Peter Jennings https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s2OnxB7jP9E The Race for the World's First Atomic Bomb A Thousand Days of Fear Documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gepvnVCw4N4
Interviews with the crews of the Enola Gay and Bockscar
----------- Rain of Ruin 1995 documentary released on the History Channel in 2004 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7Xa9BI2mPc --------- Atom
bombs were not necessary to defeat Japan The Fog of War Conversation with Robert McNamara Gen. LeMay believed firebombing was sufficient to force Japan's surrender; atom bombs were not required. Go to the 27:07 mark in
this video:
------- How many atomic bombs did the U. S. have? Accounts
differ. After
the Nagasaki bombing, the U. S. warned it would drop more nuclear bombs if Japan did not surrender. There
were doubts that the U. S. actually had more bombs. During
the six days between the Nagasaki bomb and Japan's annoucement of surrender there was no atomic bombing. According
to later reports, the U. S. had expended all
of its uranium in the Hiroshima bomb. But it had more plutonium.
According to some accounts, one more nuclear bomb, a plutonium bomb like the one dropped on Nagasaki, was to be in Tinian in time
for another strike on Japan on August 19. Three more bombs were to be ready in September and three more in October. According
to later accounts, the U. S. at the time had 12 nuclear bombs in all, or 12 more bombs, or
could produce 12 more bombs. According to other accounts, seven nuclear
bombs, or nine bombs, or as many as 15 bombs would be ready to drop on Kyushu in support of American troops invading
Japan in November 1945. It was later claimed that the U.
S. spent all of its nuclear resources in its first two post-war nuclear bomb tests in 1946. Radiation fall-out from nuclear bombing
of Japanese forces on Japan would have killed and injured many American soldiers as well. Third Atomic Bomb Attack Japan 1945 Mark Felton https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I34pxr23Nhw ----------- Atomic
Timeline American
Heritage Foundation http://www.atomicheritage.org/history/timeline ---------
Manchuria What
is missing from the map and timeline below? Typical map with timeline of the Second World War in the Pacific (the
Pacific War) omits the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, Korea, southern Sakhalin and Kuril Islands in August 1945 What
is missing from this video? Episode 6 of the French documentary series Apocalypse:
The Second World War -
Allied liberation of France; Allied invasion of Germany; Surrender of Germany -
Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki; Surrender of Japan or Film is divided into several
clips that follow this first one automatically https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0f3UHWiUcw&index=2&list=PLEF52B059792B1278 The documentary film omits entirely
the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, Korea, southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in August 1945.
Another documentary that omits
entirely the Soviet Manchurian campaign: Japan The Invasion That Never
Was Episode from the 1999 documentary
series Secrets of War narrated by Charlton Heston https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NN29KqVIYrQ Here is another: Hell
in the Pacific Documentary (2001) Four parts Part 1. Inferno https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkfNfgsqWLE Part 2. Purgatory
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bfai4RRY-Ok Part 3. Armegeddon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6aj1g8FG64 Part 4. Apocalypse https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVXxPmpfhcU Napalm
and the A-Bomb did not force Japan's surrender. The swift
Soviet invasion and occupation of Manchuria, southern Sakhalin, the Kuril
Islands and northern Korea in August 1945 and Soviet plans to invade Japan forced the Japanese to surrender to the Americans
and accept American occupation of Japan. Likewise,
after the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941 they asked the Japanese to attack the Soviets. But
in April 1941 - two months before the Germans attacked the Soviet Union -
the Soviets and the Japanese signed a four to five-year neutrality pact, the Japanese-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact. Soviets prepare for war against Japan Yalta Conference February
4 – 11, 1945 Soviets void neutrality pact with Japan April
1945 New York Times, April 6, 1945 The Germans surrendered
to the Allies on May 9, 1945. The Soviets moved forces from
Europe to Siberia to attack the Japanese in Manchuria. Japan occupied Manchuria from 1931 to 1945. Japan ruled Formosa (Taiwan)
since 1895 and Korea since 1905/1910 The Potsdam Proclamation
Announced on 26 July 1945 Truman, left, with Churchill
at Potsdam. At
the Allied Conference in Potsdam, Truman and Churchill issued a proclamation,
or ultimatum, to Japan to surrender, announced over radio on 26 July. Korea divided at the 38th Parallel (Decades earlier, Imperial
Russia and Imperial Japan discussed sharing Korea with the 38th parallel as the dividing line.) The Allies agreed also to
divide French Indo-China at the
16th parallel into two zones of occupation. The Chinese, under Chiang Kai-Shek, would
occupy the north and the British would occupy the south and return it to the French. (The French retook the north when the
Chinese left in 1946.)
The Americans planned to invade Japan from the south, landing on the southern
main home island of Kyushu. But the Americans would not be ready before November,
three months after the Soviets launched their offensive against the Japanese in Manchuria.
The Americans agreed to Soviet
plans to occupy all of Manchuria, all of Sakhalin Island, all of the Kuril Islands and the northern Korean Peninsula. The Americans, Soviets, British and Chinese were to occupy
separate zones of Japan. The Soviets were to occupy the northern half of the Japanese home islands -
the northern half of Honshu and all of Hokkaido. As the day of the Soviet offensive in
Manchuria approached, however, the Americans told the Soviets
that they did not want them in Japan. The Soviets ignored the Americans. They planned to
invade the Japanese main north island
of Hokkaido (in dark green
on the map below) from the Kuril Islands (in red) in
late August 1945. Hokkaido in
dark green
The Soviets would occupy the northern half of the island, from
the port of Kushiro on the eastern coast to the port of Rumoi on the west coast, as shown in the map above. The Soviets and the Americans exchanged a series
of top-level diplomatic cables about the possibility. The Soviets prepared a plan to invade Hokkaido at the port of Rumoi from southern Sakhalin Island on 24 August
1945. The plan was
tabled on 22 August. Soviets declare war on Japan As promised, the Soviets launhed their invasion of Manchuria,
southern Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands and northern Korea - just after midnight on August 9 - exactly three months after the
German surrender. Soviet tank convoys roll through the Great Khingan
Mountain Range of Manchuria in August 1945. New York Times, August 9, 1945
But the atomic bomb
was not really more destructive than firebombing and there was no indication
that steady bombardment of Japan would force the Japanese to surrender. The Soviets rolled southward through Manchuria, Korea,
Sakhalin and the Kurils. The
American maintained a steady aerial bombardment of Tokyo and other big Japanese cities, military installations and supply centres.
On August 14, the Americans conducted a 1,000-plane bombing mission
of Japan - the biggest aerial bombardment of the Pacific War. But the course of the Pacific
war was to be determined by the Soviets. Soviet Marshal Alexander Vasilevski, commanded Manchurian campaign The
Soviet invasion continued into September 1945. Dark red = Manchuria occupied
by Japan before August 1945 Dark
red and light red = Manchuria occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945
Soviet marines in
Port Arthur, Manchuria in August 1945, after its capture from the Japanese. The Soviets turned the port over to China
in 1953. In
addition to the overland offensive across Manchuria, the Red army and Soviet navy launched an invasion of southern Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, a chain of islands between the Japanese
north home island of Hokkaido and the Kamchatka penisula. The Soviets took back territory lost by Imperial Russia to the Japanese in the
Russo-Japanese War in 1905. In 1905 the Japanese took southern Sakhalin Island and all the Kuril Islands.
In 1945 the Soviets took southern Sakhalin and all of the Kuril Islands. The Soviet-Mongolian Cavalry-Mechanized Group crosses the Great Wall of China
near Peking in August 1945. Mongolian leader, Commander-In-Chief Marshal Horlogyin Choibalsan, is third from right. In
command of the Group, Soviet General Issa Pliev, is third from left. The
Soviet-Mongolian Cavalry-Mechanized Group drove through Inner Mongolia, beyond the Great Wall, and continued
towards Peking. It was joined by the Communist Chinese 8th Route Army. It was recalled before reaching Peking. Soviet soldiers reached Korea on 10 August 1945.
(Exact date of photo, taken in 1945, uncertain.)
Mongolian leader
Choibalsan (far left) in conference with Soviet Marshals Vasilevsky (center) and Malinovsky (right), September 1945 Manchuria
and the Atomic War Why Japan
surrendered The Americans dropped an atomic bomb
on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on August 6. US President Truman warned the Japanese
of more atomic bombing ("a
rain of ruin") if Japan did not surrender. The following documentaries give a
fuller account of the Pacific War. The Last Battle of the Unknown War The
Manchurian campaign recounted by Burt Lancaster in the last episode, # 19, of the 1978 documentary series The Unknown War Includes lengthy
footage of the German surrender in Berlin and also the capture of Henry Pu-Yi in Manchuria https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTzLM6lInK0 Or
in 4 clips: 1.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWrJ_Pb3Y6w 2.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwjCIYgejmk&feature=relmfu 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0haMD-JKk8M&feature=relmfu 4.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0haMD-JKk8M&feature=relmfu The Battle of Manchuria Episode from the Battlefield documentary series War Against Japan Episode 18 of 18 of the documentary series Soviet Storm (43:45) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HjygZML_X-o On the Hills of Manchuria Popular Russian song Dmitri Hvorostovsky https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L67oxXOyABA&feature=related Victory
in the Pacific Final episode of the World
War II in Colour series
August 5 - 11, 1945 Volume 25 of the 2005 documentary series The Last Days
of World War II The atomic bombing of Hiroshima, the invasion of Japanese-occupied Manchuria, and the atomic bombing
of Nagasaki https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WdirSAoyHZ4
Truman and the Bomb Documentary
(23:13) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJ5A-xGnAWQ Hiroshima Why the Bomb was Dropped Documentary with Peter Jennings (July 1995) The Soviet
invasion of Manchuria compelled the Japanese
to surrender. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9-WnLNLe3sk US bombed Hiroshima to intimidate Soviets Jacques
Pauwels RT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDBCCPpUEEs It
was right to drop the Atom Bomb on Japan Father
Wilson Miscamble of Notre Dame https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmIBbcxseXM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KihdZ1mteTs or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLwdDXW--fw or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UC_fZG-kmkQ or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_d7HdEfVSo or Tsuyoshi Hasegawa Interview
with the author of Racing
the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wTwbEyZc_YY
-------
A better description
of developments? Following the capture of There were to be two American invasions of Japan. The first would be from the south in November 1945
and the second would be from the east in March 1946. The Americans wanted the Soviets
to join the war against The Soviets assured the Americans they would declare war on The Americans planned to drop an untested uranium bomb on The Soviets planned to attack Japanese-occupied Manchuria three months before the scheduled American
invasion of southern The Americans feared a Soviet conquest of In the hope of precipitating a Japanese surrender before the Soviets declared war on Truman hoped also to intimidate
the Soviets with the atom bomb. The Americans dropped the uranium bomb on The Soviets feared that before they invaded The Japanese asked the Soviets to mediate an armistice for them with the Americans. The Soviets refused
and invaded The Americans demanded full and unconditional surrender by the Japanese. But the Japanese would not
agree. The Americans dropped a second atomic bomb on The second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki to keep the pressure on the Japanese to surrender unconditionally. On the following day, August 10, the Japanese offered to surrender. This prompted victory celebrations
in various parts of the world. But the Japanese were not prepared to surrender unconditionally. On August 14, the Americans conducted
the biggest bombing raid of the Pacific War, with more than 1,000 planes, attacking On the same day, the Japanese informed the Americans of their intention to surrender unconditionally.
The Japanese broadcast their decision to accept Allied demands on August 14 - five days after the Soviets invaded Manchuria
and the Americans dropped their second American atomic bomb on The Americans called for a cease-fire and scheduled formal surrender proceedings for September 2 in
----------------
The
Myth of Nuclear Deterrence Lecture
by Ward Wilson (2008) Destroying
cities and civilian populations will not end war. That has been demonstrated throughout history and it was a major lesson
of WW2. Contrary to claims of Washington officials, the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki did not force the Japanese to surrender. The Soviet invasion of Manchuria and Soviet plans to invade Japan, three months ahead
of the Americans, did. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dkZs5jjxeQI
The
Myth of Hiroshima https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9H6o83NUf4 Ward
Wilson: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJ_Fmnp3-Qk -------------------------
Transforming
the Relationship between Science and Society: Interpreting
the Manhattan Project A workshop conducted by Richard
Rhodes, historian, "on the challenges and strategies for presenting the Manhattan Project to the general public". (Uploaded in 2013) Discussion
hosted by Richard Rhodes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alALi6V2ZaI The
Debate over the Bomb Discussion hosted by Richard Rhodes Interview
with Richard Rhodes Atomic
Heritage Foundation, Washington, D. C. Uploaded by AHF in 2014 (I
hr. 14 min.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSFAJo6lapc Richard Rhodes Interview 2018 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W8mj0EBHunY
-------------- The Making of the Atomic Bomb
Voices
of the Manhattan Project https://www.manhattanprojectvoices.org/oral-histories/alex-wellersteins-interview -------------------- Hiroshima and the Historians History as
Relative Truth Lecture
by Kenneth B. Pyle, historian, at the University of Washngton, Seattle, Washington, 2014 Discusses the different views and opinions
of the atomic bombing of Japan - The atomic bomb saved the lives of one million
American soldiers - America
resorted to atomic bombing because the Japanese emperor and the military refused to surrender unconditionally
- The atomic bomb was intended to intimidate
the Soviets -------------------- Did Japan have the A-Bomb? The
Japanese might have built a nuclear bomb in Konan (Ham Heung) in northeast Korea and successfully tested it on a small island
off-shore at dawn on August 12, 1945. The Soviets captured Konan ten days later, on August 22, and might have details about such a bomb test
in Soviet archives. Documentary Japan built and tested an A-bomb in WW2 -
or so an American journalist claimed after the war. The Japanese planned to detonate a nuclear bomb
on the approaching American fleet in the Pacific. Entire documentary in one clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGtBOZ3cczY or or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z6_eXfssseo Or the same in 5 clips: 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gdCe2wBeCiw 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCpZvyHW0NI 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCPH5kTj-5Y 4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0fv2_-AJeE 5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWOuxC9jkYs Germans and Japanese collaborated in developing an atom bomb The
two documentaries indicated below recount how a German submarine, U-234, set out for Japan with a shipment of uranium
in March 1945. Following
the surrender of Germany in May 1945, U-234 sailed to the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and surrendered to an American naval
vessel. The
uranium in the submarine's cargo was not enough to build an atomic bomb. The
uranium on U-234 was sent to the Manhattan Project. U-234 Hitler's Last U-Boat Documentary (55:00) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pNLRmDFx8Xw or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrPus3pylBo Two
giant Japanese submarines were to sail to the US west coast with planes and bombs. Their mission was to bomb San
Francisco on August 17, 1945. It is believed the bombs were atomic or, more specifically, radiation bombs. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Z08cLAWsu0 ------------
President Harry Truman announces Japanese surrender in the White House
at 19:00 on 14 August 1945 (10:00 on 15 August in Japan). Truman: "I deem this reply
a full acceptance of the Potsdam declaration, which specifies the unconditional surrender of Japan." U. S. President Truman announces Japanese surrender August 14, 1945 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xcjwtTHdAZI&feature=endscreen&NR=1 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xcjwtTHdAZI and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B31eP3MzsZk and https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4548205/truman-announces-japanese-surrender
Front page of a newspaper in Washington, D. C, The Evening
Star, on August 14, 1945. As Truman read Togo's reply to the press in the White House, Prime Minister Clement Atlee and
Moscow radio announced the Japanese surrender. Clement Atlee https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-E6lcH54DQ Crowds celebrate V-J Day in Times Square in Manhattan in New York City on 14
August 1945 (15 August in Asia). Front page of the August 14 issue of the New York Journal American Evening of 14 August 1945 August 15, 1945 (Tokyo Time)
(August
14, 1945 in U. S.) Sometime in the second week of August 1945, the Japanese emperor, Hirohito, asked his staff
to draft a statement of his acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration - the Allied demand for Japan’s full and unconditional surrender. Hirohito announced his intention to accept the Potsdam Declaration at a meeting of the Imperial
staff in a bomb shelter of the palace on August 14. At 23:25, Hirohito recorded the announcement, the Imperial Rescript (since called the
“Jewel Voice Broadcast”), twice in a palace bunker. The recordings were locked in a safe. Shortly after midnight, 1,000 soldiers, determined to prevent the surrender, overwhelmed the
Imperial Guard and took control of the palace. But the soldiers could not find the recordings and gave up the revolt at 5:00.
The recordings were taken to a radio station outside
the palace and broadcast at 12 noon on 15 August (Japan time) (11 p. m. in New York on 14 August). The
recording was of poor quality and Hirohito spoke in an old and uncommon Japanese language that was not
widely understood. At the end of the speech a Japanese radio announcer
added that the speech meant Japan surrendered. For a translation of the full text see: http://www.japanorama.com/surrendr.html A Japanese radio announcer,
Tadaichi {Joe) Hirakawa, who had lived in the U. S. in the 1930s, translated the announcement in English and broadcast
it to the American zone. The text was printed in the New York Times on the following day, August 15. Excerpts: "We declared
war on America and Great Britain . ." "... the enemy has begun to
employ a new and most cruel bomb, the power of which to do damage is, indeed, incalculable, taking the toll of many innocent
lives. Should we continue to fight, not only would it result in an ultimate collapse and obliteration of the Japanese nation
. ." "Such being the case, how are we to save the millions of our
subjects . . ." "This
is the reason why we have ordered the acceptance of the provisions of the joint declaration of the powers."
".
. . it is according to the dictates of time and fate that We have resolved to pave the way for a grand peace . . ." "We have ordered
our government to communicate to the governments of the United States, Great Britain, China and the Soviet Union that our
empire accepts the provisions of their joint declaration." On the document from which Hirohito read: Hirohito's
signature (and official seal) Tokyo,
August 14, 1945
Japan
releases audio recording of Emperor Hirohito's surrender speech (2015) Hirohito's
Speech Recorded August 14, 1945; broadcast August 15, 1945 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dw90C4MpHrQ also: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiGtQ8mu1qc CBS Radio Report John Daly August 14, 1945 Note: O. W. I. =
U. S. Office of War Information; F. C. C. = Federal Communications Commission https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3G5eqFTQp4 New York Times, 15 August, 1945 For
the article, see: http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0814.html#headlines Japan Says "Enough" Movietone News https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee9Pd9-mQXU Nation Celebrates British Pathé newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BTWgEU7w_VY Surrender
zones Japan Surrenders United News Review of Japanese agression from 1931 to 1945 and its surrender https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OI-hO3kcczU or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQmoz-wErqw V-J Day - Japanese Surrender Army-Navy
Screen Magazine newsreel (1946) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8zC5uaIlPs or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htyOofHwRBc VJ-Day in London 1945 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ha4WAtttDFY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KL0W2VoDAc0 VJ-Day in Australia British Movietone newsreel Eternal Father https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDlEbmF_YUc Prince
Charles and the Prime Minister at Commemoration VJ-Day
2015 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ffXlXxiSqUw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWbURW4U6-4 Kipling's poem The Road to Mandalay https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8vhP12a2ybA Canada marks 70th anniversary of V-J Day https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=95XM8wCd0F0 ----------- Henry Pu Yi (1906 -1967), the last emperor of China (1908 - 1912) and
the emperor of Manchukuo (1932 - 1945), was captured by the Soviets
in Mukden on 16 August 1945. Pu Yi was fleeing Manchuria. He planned
to fly to Korea and then to Japan. His plane was about to take off from Mukden when the Soviets landed. The Soviets kept Pu Yi in Siberia and handed him over to Mao Tse-Tung
in 1950. Pu Yi was imprisoned as a war criminal in China until 1959. He lived the rest of his life in Peking. The Last Emperor of China Documentary about Henry Pu Yi, last emperor of China (1 hr. 40
min.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z5LZAIg4yRQ&feature=related or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z5LZAIg4yRQ or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4KnlcJk2w4E
The
Last Emperor
1987 movie in English about the last emperor of China, the
Last Manchu, the Emperor of Manchukuo, Aisin-Gioro
(Henry) Pu Yi (1906 - 1967) This version is dubbed in Mandarin (3 hrs., 38 min., 34 sec.): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NVXgOCT2slg
Japanese soldiers of the Kwangtung Army surrender
to the Red Army in Harbin, Manchuria in 20 August 1945. Soviet generals
with liberated Allied PoWs in Manchuria.
On
August 18, 1945 two reconnaissance planes were attacked by fighter planes and one crewman was wounded and another killed.
-------------- Preliminary
surrender arrangments The Manila Conference, Nichols
Field, (south of) Manila, 18 - 19 August 1945 Japanese agree to unconditional surrender of
Japan and the occupation of Japan Surrender Conference in Manila Japanese surrender arrangement delegation arrives in the Philippines Nichols
Field, Manila 19
August 1945 Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DIdyNxvwcbE or Japanese
surrender in Manila Newsreel
19
- 20 August 1945 Japanese Surrender Japanese
surrender arrangement delegation stops in the Ryukyus on the way to the Philippines 19
August 1945 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMcM9K4AaHk
---------------- Silent film footage 21 August 1945 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEMZP_IIeWk ---------------------- Japanese surrender Mili Atoll Marshall Islands 22 August 1945 Japanese, in white caps, surrender
Mili Atoll to Americans on 22 August 1945
------------------
24 - 28 August 1945 Japanese surrender
to the British in
Rangoon Manila and Rangoon Japanese Surrender August 24 - 28, 1945 British Pathé newsreel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdLEwkMV8iE Surrenders
Manila and Rangoon
Government House, Rangoon
26 August 1945 Movietone News
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hURkZZLRhxc -------------- In Chungking, Mao
Tse-tung, leader of the Chinese communists, on the left, and Chiang Kai-shek, China's supremo, toast the victory over Japan.
Mao flew from his
headquarters in Ya'nan to the war-time capital of China, Chungking, on 27 August 1945 for seven weeks of talks with Chiang. Mao traveled with the American ambassador. On the followng day, 28 August,
Chiang and Mao met at a dinner. It was their first meeting in twenty years. Mao left Chungking on 11 September. The earliest
possible date for the above photo is 28 August and the latest possible date is 10 September. Most sources claim September, without offering a specific date. Mme.
Chiang Kai-Shek and General De Gaulle British Pathé https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m0Mb4fVVH-c Mme. Chiang
returns to Chungking September 8, 1945
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CD9lbIzmLU ------- Japanese surrender
ceremony in Hong Kong on 30 August 1945 Japanese
surrender Hong Kong to British 30 August 1945
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1EyvIk6gak and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTS9zlicQIA Gen. Douglas
MacArthur, at Manila City Hall, just before departing for Japan, 30 August 1945 Allied forces land in Japan August 1945 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9HWg8tSkgc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNli51tGCPA ---------
The formal Japanese
surrender Tokyo Bay 2 September
1945 American
military officials landed on Japan on 28 August 1945. Gen. MacArthur arrived on 30 August. Gen.
MacArthur wanted the formal Japanese surrender ceremony to be held at the American Embassy in Tokyo. Admiral Nimitz brought a barge for the occasion. President
Truman preferred the
flagship of Admiral William Halsey's Third Fleet, the battleship U. S. S. Missouri. The U. S. S. Missouri anchored in Tokyo Bay
on 2 September 1945. Gen. MacArthur and Admiral Nimitz on the USS Missouri to accept the formal Japanese surrender.
General MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP), presides over the formal Japanese surrender aboard
the U.S.S. Missouri in Tokyo Bay, September 2, 1945. Gen.
MacArthur: "We are gathered here, representatives
of the major warring powers, to conclude a solemn agreement whereby peace may be restored. "The issues involving divergent ideals and ideologies have been determined
on the battlefields of the world, and hence are not for our discussion or debate." "The terms and conditions upon which surrender of the Japanese Imperial
Forces is here to be given and accepted are contained in the Instrument of Surrender now before you." "I now invite the representatives of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese
government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters to sign the Instrument of Surrender at the places indicated." Japanese Foreign Minister, Mamoru
Shigemitsu, representing the Japanese emperor and government, is the first to sign the surrender at 9:04 a. m. Standing
to the left of the table is MacArthur's chief of staff throughout the war, General Richard Sutherland. Standing on the right are Gen. Sutherland, before the table, and Gen. MacArthur. Japanese
General Yoshijiro Umezu, Chief of the Army General Staff, representing the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters, is
next to sign the surrender. Gen. MacArthur signed
the surrender as the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers. Beside him were Gen. Jonathan Wainwright, who had surrendered
the Philippines, and Gen. Sir Arthur Percival, who had surrendered Singapore. Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz signed
for the United States. Beside him were Admiral William Halsey and Admiral Forrest Sherman, Deputy Chief
of Staff to Admiral Halsey. General Hsu Yung-Ch'ang signed
for China, Admiral-of-the-Fleet Sir Bruce Fraser for
the United Kingdom, Lt-General Kuzma Nikolaevich Derevyanko for
the U. S. S. R., General Sir Thomas Blamey for Australia,
Colonel Lawrence Moore Cosgrave for Canada, Général d'Armée
Philippe Leclerc de Hautecloque for France, Vice Admiral
Conrad Emil Lambert Helfrich for the Netherlands, and Air Vice Marshal
Leonard M. Isitt for New Zealand. Leclerc Page 2 of the surrender document. "Let us pray that peace now be
restored to the world, and that God will preserve it always. "These proceedings are closed." Radio broadcast of full
ceremony - Japanese surrender
ceremony; - President Truman's
radio address to the nation in Washington, D. C.; - General MacArthur's radio address to the American people - Admiral Nimitz's radio address to the American people https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c2foqqQUlg4 General MacArthur's Radio
address to the American People September
2, 1945 First two
minutes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2ZHv2UPLys US Navy planes fly
in formation over the American and British fleets in Tokyo Bay during the surrender ceremony. The USS Missouri is on the left.
New
York Times, September 2, 1945
Japanese Sign Final Surrender!
United News
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vcnH_kF1zXc&feature=related The
Day Japan Lost Face Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bwzBlOPl50
1945 US Army documentary in tribute to Gen. MacArthur
from Corregidor to Australia, through the Southwest Pacific and Dutch East Indies, through the Philippines
to Tokyo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0D1Ldr0UJ9w or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZeIN1dUqWIY or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLq1DPbVoXE The American flag is raised at the American
Embassy in Tokyo on 8 September 1945. Admiral Willam Halsey, left; Army Lt.-Gen.
Robert Eichelberger, commander of Allied Occupation Forces in Japan, second from left; and General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander
for the Allied Powers (SCAP), centre.
The First Eight Weeks
Douglas MacArthur and Japan August - October 1945 Lecture
by Christopher L. Kolakowsky Norfolk
Historical Society February 17, 2015 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIsD0qR_IEM MacArthur at War World War II in the Pacific Lecture by Walter Borneman at the U.S. Army Heritage and Education
Center in Carlisle, Pennsylvania May 4, 2017 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JhVg5ao3P14 The Nimitz Gray Book
The 4,000-page diary of Fleet Adm. Chester
Nimitz from December 7, 1941 to August 31, 1945 Lecture by Craig Simon at the Naval War College Library in
Newport, Rhode Island in 2014 Lecture begins at the 27-minute mark Actor's portrayal of Adm. Nimitz in a speech
at the end https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REqoFjZjnGY The Battle of the Pacific The Setting Sun Episode from the documentary series The
Big Battles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tzi9uN5UXyY Kamchatka commemorates 70th anniversary
of victory in WWII Russian President and WWII veterans commemorate Japanese surrender Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai (on the Trans-Siberian Railway), September 2, 2015 RT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sF4hfV5ixw World leaders and representatives
at the V-Day parade Beijing, September 3, 2015 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zKwlUVOR-VE China celebrates 70th anniversary of V-Day
September 3, 2015 CCTV News https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0QuHoE2ZEE China’s V-Day military parade in
Beijing September 3, 2015 Russia Today (RT) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoC0Xcjko0A 17 countries
took part in V-Day parade September 3, 2015 CCTV News https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AVR8hszOZeg Penang Reoccupied British Pathe newsreel The British landed at Penang on 28 August and the Japanese surrendered on 2 September
------------- Japanese
surrender more territory 1945 United News newsreel 1. Japanese
surrender documents arrive in Washington, D.C. 2. Japanese surrender to the Chinese in China 3. American POWs
leave Japanese prison camps 4. Japanese
Gen. Yamashita surrenders in the Philippines 5. Quisling's
trial in Norway 6. MacArthur
in Tokyo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gWbvOf0Vrs
--------- Japanese surrender in Luzon Kiangan, 2 September 1945 Lt. General Tomoyuki Yamashita,
Supreme Commander of Japanese Imperial Forces in the Philippines, at centre in the photo, surrenders to Americans in Kiangan
on Luzon on 2 september 1945. Baguio, 3 September 1945 Lt. General Tomoyuki Yamashita, Supreme
Commander of Japanese Imperial Forces in the Philippines, at the formal surrender ceremony at the home of the Philippine
High Commander in Baguio on Luzon on 3 September 1945. Lt. General Yamashita
is seated at one side of the table, on the right in the photo, at centre, second from left. Lt. Gen. Jonathan Wainwright, who surrendered American and Filipino forces on
Corregidor to the Japanese in 1942, is seated on the opposite side of the table, at left in the photo. British Lt. Gen. Archibald Percival, who
surrendered British Commonwealth forces to Yamshita in Singapore in 1942, is seated 4th from left. First Pictures from Bomb Blasted Japan Wainwright Returns Home to Hero's Welcome United News September 1945 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WrBsKLk9L3Q
--------------------- Japanese surrender New Guinea, New Britain
and Solomon Islands HMS Glory,
Rabaul 6 September 1945 Japanese surrender to an Australian
general on board HMS Glory off Rabaul. --------------------- Japanese surrender Jaluit Atoll to Americans 5 September 1945 Japanese commander of the Marshall islands, on the right in the photo, surrenders
Jaluit Atoll, Japanese headquarters of the Marshalls, to Americans on 5 September 1945. On board an American ship in the lagoon.
Japanese surrender Marshall Islands Japanese commander, on the left, surrenders the Marshall Islands to the Americans
on 10 September 1945.
--------------------- Japanese in the Ryukyu Islands
surrender on Okinawa September 7, 1945 Japanese army and naval forces in the Ryukyus
surrender to General Joseph Stillwell on Okinawa on September 7, 1945. --------------------- Japanese surrender in southern Korea Seoul September 9, 1945 Japanese officers, standing, surrender
Korea to American army and navy officers in the Government Building in Seoul on 9 September 1945. Soviet soldiers
greet American soldiers in Seoul, Korea in September 1945. ------------- Japanese troops surrender to Chinese
Nanjing, September 9, 1945 Chinese General
He Yingqin, left, receives the signed surrender of Japanese General Yasuji
Okamura, commander of the Japanese China Expeditionary
Army (all Japanese forces in CBI), at the Chinese Military Academy in China's capitol, Nanjing (Nanking), on 9 September
1945.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5Xr51-yikU Chinese documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urN637IOqD4 Chinese WWII veteran witnessed Japan's surrender Nanjing, September 9, 1945 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kuwwuGo2-vs or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJ3U_pWQpds ------------- British Borneo
Japanese commander surrenders to Australians on Labuan, British Borneo, 9
and 10 September 1945. ------------- Fighting continued before and after formal surrender ceremonies in Tokyo Bay on September 2. The Soviet offensive continued, as planned, and was completed in the Kuril Islands on September 4, two days after
the formal Japanese surrender on September 2. The Soviets wanted to occupy the entire Korean peninsula and sent forces into the American zone of occupation,
south of the 38th parallel, even after the Americans arrived, but eventually withdrew upon American insistence. Throughout the Pacific, stranded Japanese soldiers surrendered to the Allies.
Admiral Lord
Louis Mountbatten, Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia Command, receives the Instrument of Surrender from General
Seishirō Itagaki, commander of Japanese forces in Southeast Asia, in
Singapore, September 1945 The Allied
delegation led by Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten and the Japanese delegation led by General Seishirō
Itagaki face each other before signing the Japanese surrender. Municipal
Building, Singapore, 12 September 1945. Lord Louis Mountbatten,
Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia Command. Japanese surrender to the British in Singapore,
12 September 1945. Lord Louis
Mountbatten, Supreme Allied Commander of South East Asia Command, receives the Japanese surrender in Singapore. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A9DBNPNYb0 Japanese in Southeast Asia surrender to British Singapore 12 September 1945 Japanese Capitulate to Lord Louis British
Movietone News https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-TwLXjvORY Singapore Surrender British
Pathe Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Orz-3fl7nKM Lord Louis Mountbatten proclaims the surrender of the
Japanese, Municipal Building, Singapore, 12 September 1945 ----------- Japanese surrender to Australians on Cape Wom, Wewak in Australian
Territory of New Guinea. 13
September 1945 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-BmxXNHhcI ----------- Japanese surrender in Indo-China Saigon 13 September 1945 A Japanese officer surrenders to a lieutenant of the Indian
20th Infantry Division of the British Army in Saigon on 13 September 1945. Japanese officer surrenders his
sword to a French naval officer in Saigon on 23 September 1945. ----------- Japanese surrender to Australians on Nauru 13 September 1945 Commander of Japanese forces on Nauru hands his sword to the Australian commander on board HMAS Diamantina. Silent film of surrender (08:15) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BePaWhTkng Japanese surrender Ocean Island to Australians 1 October 1945 Silent film (2:30) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uAYDDpPAgIA ------------- Japanese surrender Hong Kong to British Japanese surrender Hong Kong to British on 16 September
1945 Japanese surrender Hong Kong to British September 16, 1945 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwINPgCKZ_w https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dvbbNCVehFU -------------
Excerpts from the 1959 Hollywood movie about Admiral Halsey. James
Gagney portrayed Halsey. Ending https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lINrEHpLrcE Excerpts from ending https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z2wye37sZiQ Japanese Lieutenant General Yuitsu
Tsuchihashi and other Japanese officers surrender to Chinese Lt. Gen. Lu Han in Hanoi on 28 Sep 1945. ------------------- Forbidden City, Peking, October 10, 1945 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W8lk0Te6LnU
------------------------- Japan returns Formosa to China Taipei 25 October 1945 Japanese General Rikichi
Ando, left, last Governor-General of Taiwan and commander of the Japanese garrison on Taiwan, returns Taiwan to China, represented
by Chinese General Yeng Yi, at Taipei City Hall on 25 October 1945. ------------------------- Surrender in the Pacific U. S. Armed Forces documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6q0Ay8QOS58
------------------------ Last WWII Soldier Surrenders in 1974 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DcqijLE8w20 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LvT86194rs4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-WUD_a6BzX8 -----------------------------
------------------
What if the Japanese had not surrendered
when they did? What
if America had Invaded Japan? Operation
Downfall https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Rrmqju74A8 The Pacifc War: What if?
A blogger's upload https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nX4_ych7tY ------------ The Rise and
Fall of Japan's Empire Documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TNt4CA9YMw Fall of Japan In
Color Paul Courtney
Smithsonian Channel documentary
(2015) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVGcQKJxVOY Japan's War in Colour Documentary
of the war in Japan,
including pre-war and post-war scenes, in colour Includes footage of Allied POWs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-EsW_uvnSao&feature=related --------------
Emperor
MacArthur and Hirohito at MacArthur's
residence in Tokyo, September 27, 1945 Reinventing Japan Documentary
(57:31) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LK738CDh21g Or in 9 clips 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKHxkzM7pa4 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qm-fM3rycxU 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wi28eOf76Rw 4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7P6YHOoER_s 5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_O6B6b20_c 6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wlPxyrawgxE 7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QzUu-Uka58 8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hz2X9I81O0E 9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5ZLFcxOFyI Emperor
Excerpt from 2013 Hollywood movie Emperor
with a reenactment of the meeting of Gen. MacArthur and Hirohito in Tokyo in 1945 (with Tommy Lee Jones as Gen. MacArthur)
(5:11) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4e5FN5d3W10 MacArthur and Hirohito
Photograph MacArthur Memorial, Norfolk, Virginia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWaIMSgw8N0 Emperor
Hirohito 2007 BBC documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LDU33-SzQQ Hirohito Episode # 34 of the 1994 A&E
documentary series Biography narrated by Jack Perkins (43:58) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWlEx__DZeQ Hirohito's War Documentary narrated by Charlton
Heston (44:29) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sypT0c-oHqM Hirohito The
Chrysanthemum Throne Episode from the 1979 documentary
series Portraits of Power -
Those who shaped the Twentieth Century Hirohito
Episode from the documentary series
History's Verdict (1 hr.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DfafrMVQJE L'énigme
de l ' empereur Hirohito Histoire de Comprendre Japon Alexandre Adler https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWdNHUhqp6E Japan under American Occupation Film documentary
about Japan during the American occupation (1945 - 1952) (3 clips) 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AuPYzWnT1aA&feature=related 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WKHSYdFWCs&feature=relmfu 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vbNz6Zhv8Bc&feature=relmfu Yokohama,
February 1946 Hirohito visits Okagi in 1946. Hirohito visits Kobe on June 11, 1947.
Hirohito visits
Kurume in 1949. -----------
War
Crimes Trials War
Crimes Trials in Asia Documentary about Japan's War Crimes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HehcMdXeXg
-------------- War Crimes Manila 1945 (17:33) Introduction
by Brig.-Gen. Carlos P. Romulo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9xOp8z2Q-w ------------------
Yamashita
on trial in Manila. War Crimes Trial: Yamashita Manila
(1945 - 1946) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wTcGVc7dEmk&feature=related or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wTcGVc7dEmk Yamashita
Tried for War Crimes Newsreel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoocwW7cbrs Yamashita Trial 1945 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-H6HxpbZijw&feature=related Yamashita on Trial for War Crimes Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w4VP33zz8kA Yamashita Cross-Examined Manila https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwbeW_4RZM8 Guilty! Yamashita Sentenced by American Court Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5fFQS44QGmA General Yamashita Sentenced to Death by Hanging Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7B68AYkBaO8 Treasure Hunting
Yamashita Philippines Documentary (1 hr. 39 min.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mxxji6kJlwo
------------------------ Homma on trial in Manila Japanese
General Homma Tried For War Crimes Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdo4Zuj2vNw Homma Trial 4th Day Manila, Philippines 01/07/1945 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQXcm_u__tU Verdict https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sI8jtxXxOUI Homma was sentenced to
death and executed by a firing squad.
------------------------ Japanese war criminals go on trial in Tokyo
Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvVcUsAJDF4 The
Tokyo Trials Part 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OS9sKauuYNo Part 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlZG952Mwys Part 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONb1SpxV5Bk Inside
the Tokyo War Tribunal Documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tAAck_82jVo Justice Radhabinod Pal Documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVbMaJIyhKQ
-------------- Tojo on trial in Tokyo Hideki
Tojo Biography https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSQJVkAfQ0A https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lg2kkkctJCM Inside
Beaten Japan Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cPnP_Wn4Rw Tojo
Defense Tokyo
01/07/1948 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRMefU_iJO0 War Crimes Trial, Tokyo, Japan Final Session https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UfIEhH7dZpc Tojo on Trial Newsreel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TqqfOr7FyAM Japan's
War Lord Brought to Justice Newsreel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HgdXDkmV60 Tojo
and Aides Sentenced for Jap War Crimes British
Pathé 1948 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUWhzcJVkD0 Tojo Japan's WWII Warlord Sentenced to Death https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLzgKjSjd-4 The Real Tojo Documentary (52:47) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZeuV-4dLoE
------------- Shiro
Ishii (1892 - 1959), director of Unit 731 in Manchuria, which conducted biological experiments that delibetately killed
an estimated 10,000 people, including PoWs. Ishii and others of Unit 731 were arrested in 1945 but granted immunity
from prosecution for war crimes in 1946 by American occupation forces in exhange for details of their work. Shiro
Ishii and Unit 731 Documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HEbZYArIG8 Documentaries about Japanese human guinea pig laboratory
in Manchuria: Japan's Dirty Secret
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7yDOXGmtro Unit 731 - Nightmare in Manchuria https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IgtIyNRv3g8 --------- Execution
of a Jap War Criminal https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lin_1SJZWaI&feature=related ---------
Many Japanese and their
collaborators would have been tried as war criminals but escaped by paying their Allied captors big ransoms. MacArthur ordered the
release of many Japanese and their collaborators after receiving payments from them (or payments made on their behalf).
In one case, the Japanese consul of Tongo paid MacArthur $1 million to drop charges against him. Several
Thais, like Plaek Phibunsongkhram, prime minister from 1938 to 1944, and
Phin
Choonhavan, army commander in the Shan States, and other southeast Asians could have been treated as collaborators and war criminals but ensured their freedom by making big payments
to Allied occupation forces. Some payments were made through a Chinese banker in Bangkok, Chin
Sophonpanich, whose house became the American Ambassador's residence. Suzuki Keiji (1897 -
1967?) IJA Colonel Suzuki Keiji The role of Suzuki Keiji
in Thailand before the war is not entirely clear. There are many stories. Suzuki was instrumental in the formation of the
anti-British pro-Japanese Burmese army in Bangkok. By some accounts, Suzuki
ran Burma and Thailand during the war. Many
maintain that Suzuki should have been tried for war crimes, including the torture and murder of American PoWs in Burma. By
another account, Suzuki was recalled to Japan in 1942 to manage shipping
and logistics. According
to some accounts Suzuki was much involved in amassing and hiding looted treasure
in Southeast Asia during the war. Suzuki held the rank of general by the end of
the war. Post-war American occupation forces in Thailand claimed Suzuki was protected by MacArthur. He "disappeared". He was reported
to have lived in Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines and Japan. The date and
manner of his death are also unclear. ------------------
Japanese war criminals
------ American traitors The Zero
Hour Regular Japanese propaganda
radio broadcast Orphan
Ann https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-X7mUsb4Mg 24 August 1944 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqlKVEn4ThU 2.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55Ms6Wph1bE 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pb6ji1KT6I8 Mr. Hook: "Tokyo Woes"
1945 cartoon by the U. S. Navy Staged Post-War "Interview" of "Tokyo
Rose" With Iva Toguri 09 - 09 -1945 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngJC4iwB-go "TOKYO ROSE" TOKYO, JAPAN 09 / 20
/ 1945 A reenactment after the
war with Iva Toguri
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qf7rPYAczSk TOKYO ROSE Iva Toguri d'Aquino 1976 CBS NEWS SPECIAL REPORT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olzvi-qRqa0 --------------
The Second World War Antony Beevor, historian, interviewed about WW2
on Q & A in 2012 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-FsZUxeqIE Another interview with Beevor on another show in 2012 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjwZfej6s80 Antony Beevor at the Cambridge Union Society Uploaded in 2014 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=woWPpuFl7Ao Cold
War Borders The Making of the New Frontiers of Europe During WWII Lecture
by Gerhard Weinberg University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, N. C. October
28, 2014 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42V35ynScNI -------
For some, WWII ended only yesterday Russian Great Patriotic War Memorial https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2w5cGUtAvg For others, the war continues The Karen of Burma - Forgotten Allies Documentary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTJ3q5yg38Q Or in 5 clips 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5R_mkfTTzA&feature=related 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBs_o-TCFRs&feature=related 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PfN2lxud3Jg&feature=related 4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Kni1spCnug&feature=related
5.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxYwBzT7YGE
All-Burma Student Democratic Front (ABSDF) and the Kachin Independence Army
(KIA) in recent fighting against the Burmese Army in the Kachin State of Burma ("uploaded" March 5, 2013) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NIEBRHB0S0Y
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